Bankart Repair: Procedure, Recovery & Benefits Explained
A Bankart Repair is a specialized surgical procedure performed to fix shoulder instability caused by a Bankart lesion—an injury where the labrum (the ring of cartilage surrounding the shoulder socket) gets torn. This type of tear commonly occurs after repeated shoulder dislocations, especially among athletes and active individuals. Restoring the stability of the shoulder joint is essential to prevent future dislocations, reduce pain, and improve overall shoulder function.
What Is a Bankart Lesion?
The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket structure. The labrum acts like a cushion that keeps the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) stable within the socket.
When this cartilage tears due to trauma or repeated dislocations, the shoulder becomes loose and more likely to slip out of place. This condition is known as a Bankart lesion.
Common causes include:
- Sports injuries (especially in contact sports)
- Falls on an outstretched hand
- Forceful overhead movements
- Previous shoulder dislocations
What Is Bankart Repair?
Bankart Repair is a surgical technique used to reattach the torn labrum and tighten the capsule around the shoulder joint.
It can be performed using two methods:
1. Arthroscopic Bankart Repair
- Minimally invasive
- Performed through small incisions
- Uses a camera and specialized instruments
- Faster recovery and less postoperative discomfort
2. Open Bankart Repair
- Performed through a larger incision
- Often recommended in complex or recurrent cases
Provides strong stability for high-demand athletes
Why Is Bankart Repair Needed?
A surgeon may suggest this procedure if you are dealing with:
- Repeated shoulder dislocations
- Constant feeling of shoulder looseness
- Difficulty lifting or rotating your arm
- Pain during overhead or athletic activities
- Reduced strength or mobility
Without treatment, recurrent dislocations can lead to bone damage, arthritis, and long-term shoulder instability.
How the Procedure Works
During the surgery:
- The torn labrum is identified.
- The surgeon uses anchors (tiny devices) to reattach the labrum to the socket.
- The joint capsule is tightened to prevent future dislocations.
- The shoulder is stabilized to restore normal joint function.
Arthroscopic repair is commonly chosen because it minimizes tissue damage while offering excellent results.
Benefits of Bankart Repair
- Restores shoulder stability
- Reduces the risk of future dislocations
- Relieves chronic pain
- Improves strength and mobility
- Enables return to sports and daily activities
Prevents long-term joint wear and tear
Recovery After Bankart Repair
Recovery typically happens in phases:
Phase 1: Immobilization (0–4 weeks)
A sling is used to protect the shoulder while initial healing occurs.
Phase 2: Physiotherapy (4–12 weeks)
Gentle movements and strengthening exercises begin under supervision.
Phase 3: Advanced Strengthening (3–6 months)
Gradual return to sports-specific training and full activity.
Most patients return to sports within 4–6 months, depending on the severity of the injury and the procedure performed
Who Is a Good Candidate for Bankart Repair?
- Athletes with recurrent shoulder dislocations
- Individuals with confirmed labral tears
- Active adults with chronic instability
Patients who did not improve with physiotherapy
Risks & Complications
Although the surgery is generally safe, some risks include:
- Bleeding or infection
- Stiffness
- Nerve irritation
- Recurrent instability (rare)
Choosing an experienced orthopedic surgeon reduces these risks.
Conclusion
Bankart Repair is a highly effective solution for restoring shoulder stability and preventing future dislocations. With minimally invasive techniques and structured rehabilitation, patients can safely return to an active and pain-free lifestyle. If you experience repeated shoulder dislocations or constant weakness, consulting an orthopedic specialist can help you determine if Bankart Repair is the right option for you.
